When faced with the challenge of managing a dog with seizures, understanding diagnostic options like MRI and spinal tap is important. This personal decision depends very much on your insurance status and ability to finance the cost. While it is recommended that most dogs showing neurological symptoms undergo these diagnostic tests, some people choose not to. In this article, you will find information on what the tests involve in order to make an informed decision.
What is an MRI and Spinal Tap?
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain. A spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture, involves inserting a needle into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis.
Why Are They Used to Diagnose Epilepsy in Dogs?
Canine epilepsy can have various underlying causes, including structural abnormalities or inflammation in the brain or spinal cord. MRI and spinal tap are valuable tools for identifying such issues, aiding in the diagnosis of epilepsy and guiding treatment decisions.
How Are They Used to Diagnose Epilepsy in Dogs?
During an MRI, your dog will be placed under sedation to ensure they remain still while images are taken. The procedure allows veterinarians to examine the brain for abnormalities such as tumours, cysts, or malformations which might be causing seizures. A spinal tap involves collecting cerebrospinal fluid to check for signs of inflammation, infection, or other abnormalities.
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Is It Necessary for Your Dog?
Determining whether an MRI and spinal tap are necessary depends on various factors, including your dog's medical history, clinical signs, and response to initial treatments. Your veterinarian will consider these factors and discuss the potential benefits and risks with you before recommending these procedures.
Symptoms Prompting MRI and Spinal Tap in Dogs with Epilepsy
Certain symptoms may prompt your veterinarian to recommend more extensive diagnostic tests like MRI and spinal tap. These symptoms include:
Recurrent Seizures: Dogs experiencing recurrent seizures, especially those that are difficult to control with medication, may require further investigation to identify the underlying cause.
Onset of Seizures at a Young Age: If your dog develops seizures at a young age, particularly before reaching two years old, it may indicate an underlying structural or genetic abnormality that warrants closer examination.
Change in Seizure Frequency or Severity: A sudden increase in seizure frequency or severity, or a change in the nature of seizures (e.g., clustering, status epilepticus), may indicate an underlying progression of the condition that requires thorough evaluation.
Focal Neurological Signs: Dogs exhibiting focal neurological signs such as weakness, paralysis, abnormal eye movements, or altered consciousness between seizures may suggest the presence of a focal brain lesion that requires imaging for further assessment.
Abnormal Behaviour or Mentation: Persistent abnormal behaviour or altered mentation, including changes in personality, cognition, or responsiveness, may indicate underlying brain pathology that warrants investigation.
History of Head Trauma or Neurological Disease: Dogs with a history of head trauma or pre-existing neurological conditions may be at higher risk of developing epilepsy secondary to structural abnormalities, making diagnostic imaging essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Presence of Other Clinical Signs: Additional clinical signs such as vestibular signs, head tilt, circling, or abnormal gait may indicate specific brain lesions or inflammatory conditions that require detailed imaging for accurate diagnosis.
When presented with a dog exhibiting these symptoms, your veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination and medical history review to assess the need for further diagnostic testing. Based on their findings and clinical judgement, they may recommend MRI and spinal tap.
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Percentage of Epilepsy Cases with MRI & Spinal Tap Findings
While there is no clear data about what percentage of epilepsy is caused by findings revealed in an MRI & spinal tap in dogs, there is for humans, which can be used as a rough guide. In humans, 75% percent of epilepsy is primary (idiopathic: cause unknown); 25% is secondary to another CNS disorder (which can be revealed by diagnostic tests).
How Vets Use Them to Determine the Care Plan
Once veterinarians obtain results from MRI and spinal tap, they can gain valuable insights into the underlying cause of your dog's epilepsy. For instance, if a brain tumour is detected, treatment options may include surgical removal, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the tumour's type, location, and size. On the other hand, if idiopathic epilepsy is diagnosed, which means there's no identifiable cause, treatment typically focuses on managing seizures through anti-epileptic medications. By tailoring a comprehensive care plan based on the specific diagnosis, veterinarians aim to provide the best possible outcome for your furry friend.
Considerations: Cost and Risks
Considering the financial implications of diagnostic procedures like MRI and spinal tap is essential. These tests can be expensive, and not all pet owners may have the means to afford them. Additionally, while both procedures are generally safe, there are inherent risks associated with anaesthesia and invasive techniques.
Financing the Procedure Without Insurance
For pet owners without insurance, financing diagnostic procedures like MRI and spinal tap can feel overwhelming. However, several options may help alleviate the financial burden:
Payment Plans: Many veterinary clinics offer payment plans, allowing you to spread the cost of the procedure over several months. Discuss payment options with your veterinarian to find a plan that suits your budget.
CareCredit: CareCredit is a healthcare credit card that can be used for veterinary expenses. It offers special financing options, including interest-free periods, making it easier to manage the cost of diagnostic procedures.
Crowdfunding: Platforms like GoFundMe or YouCaring allow you to raise funds for your pet's medical expenses. Share your story with friends, family, and online communities to garner support.
Veterinary Assistance Programs: Some charitable organisations and veterinary clinics offer financial assistance to pet owners in need. Research local resources or inquire with your veterinarian about available assistance programs.
Find an Insurer who will Cover Preexisting Conditions: In both the UK and the US, there are pet insurers that offer coverage for pre-existing conditions, albeit with certain limitations and conditions. While it can be challenging to find insurers willing to cover pre-existing conditions, some companies may offer plans that include this coverage, typically at higher premiums.
Exploring Alternative Care Options
If MRI and spinal tap are not feasible options for your dog, there are alternative approaches to managing epilepsy. Your veterinarian may recommend starting with less invasive diagnostic tests, such as bloodwork and neurological examinations, and exploring treatment options such as anti-epileptic medications and dietary supplements.
Conclusion: How to Decide Whether to Do an MRI and Spinal Tap for Your Epileptic Dog
Deciding whether to pursue an MRI and spinal tap for your epileptic dog requires careful consideration of various factors, including your dog's individual needs, financial constraints, and treatment goals. By working closely with your veterinarian and weighing the potential benefits and risks, you can make informed decisions to support your dog's health and well-being.
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